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Name-bearing Type

• Theobald
• 1901b:235
• Type Species: Culex obturbans (Walker)

Classification

• Subfamily Culicinae, tribe Aedini. Genus Armigeres includes 59 species divided between two subgenera, Armigeres (41 species) and Leicesteria (18 species).

Distribution

• Species of subgenus Armigeres occur in the Oriental and Australasian Regions; species of subgenus Leicesteria are only know to occur in the Oriental Region.

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Phylogeny

• Not yet available

Characteristics

• Armigeres adults are morphologically similar to species of other aedine genera in the Oriental and Australasian Regions but they are generally larger and usually have the proboscis slightly curved downwards and flattened laterally. They are more reliably distinguished from other aedine genera with the following combination of characters: dorsal head scales mostly broad and flat; compound eyes separated ventrally by two long rows of scales; acrostichal setae, dorsocentral setae and prespiracular setae absent; postspiracular scales present; postspiracular setae present in subgenus Armigeres, absent in Leicesteria; mesomeron small with base more or less in line with base of hindcoxa; alula and upper calypter of wing with hair-like scales on margin; pulvilli not evident. Larvae are distinguished from all other aedine genera within their range by the absence of a pecten on the siphon. See Aedini.

Bionomics

• Larvae live in cavities, particularly those containing foul water or water with a high organic content. They occur in tree-holes, bamboo, sago palm and banana stumps, fruit shells and husks, fallen leaves and spathes, flower bracts, pitcher plants, artificial containers and small collections of ground water. Larvae appear to be at least partially carnivorous. Adults occur primarily in forested areas and are mainly active during the daytime and crepuscular periods. The females of a number of species readily attack and viciously bite humans.

Medical

• Several species of Armigeres are suspected of transmitting Wuchereria bancrofti.

Important References

Barraud, 1934 (southern Asia) Thurman, 1959 (Thailand) Macdonald, 1960 (subgenus Leicesteria) Belkin, 1962 (taxonomy, South Pacific) Steffan, 1968 (Papuan Subregion of Australasian Region) Tanaka et al., 1979 (Japan)

Lu & Li, 1982 (China) Lee et al., 1988a (Australasian Region) Darsie & Pradhan, 1990 (Nepal) Lu Baolin et al. 1997b (China) Reinert et al., 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009 (phylogeny)

Included Taxa

Subgenus ARMIGERES Theobald, 1901 alkatirii Toma, Miyagi & Syafruddin, 1995 apoensis Bohart & Farner, 1944 aureolineatus (Leicester, 1908) azurini Basio, 1971 baisasi Stone & Thurman, 1958 bhayungi Thurman & Thurman, 1958 breinli (Taylor, 1914) candelabrifer Brug, 1939 confusus Edwards, 1915 conjungens Edwards, 1914 denbesteni Brug, 1925 durhami (Edwards, 1917) ejercitoi Baisas, 1935 fimbriatus Edwards, 1930 foliatus Brug, 1931 giveni Edwards, 1926 hybridus Edwards, 1914 joloensis (Ludlow, 1904) jugraensis (Leicester, 1908) kesseli Ramalingam, 1987 kinabaluensis Ramalingam, 1972 kuchingensis Edwards, 1915 lacuum Edwards, 1922 laoensis Toma & Miyagi, 2003 mahantai Bhattacharyya, Prakash, Mohapatra & Sarma, 2009 maiae (Edwards, 1917) malayi (Theobald, 1901) manalangi Baisas, 1935 maximus Edwards, 1922 milnensis Lee, 1944 moultoni Edwards, 1914 obturbans (Walker, 1859) pallidabdomen Dong, Zhou & Gong, 2004 pallithorax Dong, Zhou & Dong, 2004 papuensis Peters, 1963 sembeli Toma & Miyagi, 2002 setifer Delfinado, 1966 seticoxitus Luh & Li, 1981 subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898) subspecies chrysocorporis Hsieh & Liao, 1956 subspecies subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898) theobaldi Barraud, 1934 yunnanensis Dong, Zhou & Dong, 1995

Subgenus LEICESTERIA Theobald, 1904 annulipalpis (Theobald, 1910) annulitarsis (Leicester, 1908) balteatus Macdonald, 1960 cingulatus (Leicester, 1908) dentatus Barraud, 1927 digitatus (Edwards, 1914) dolichocephalus (Leicester, 1908) flavus (Leicester, 1908) inchoatus Barraud, 1927 lepidocoxitus Dong, Zhou & Dong, 1995 longipalpis (Leicester, 1904) magnus (Theobald, 1908) menglaensis Dong, Zhou & Dong, 2002 omissus (Edwards, 1914) pectinatus (Edwards, 1914) pendulus (Edwards, 1914) traubi Macdonald, 1960 vimoli Thurman & Thurman, 1958

Nomina dubia striocrurus (Giles, 1904) ventralis (Walker, 1860)

The materials presented in the Classification, Distribution, Phylogeny, Characteristics, Medical, and Important References sections, and links to subgenera, are reproduced with permission of Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory, moderated by Ralph Harbach on behalf of the contributors who retain copyright. For additional information on reuse parameters, please contact Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. Images and maps, unless otherwise attributed, and links to the literature are provided by the WRBU.