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Author: (Meigen)
1830b:241 (F; Culex)
Berlin, Germany (MNHP)
Synonyms
articulatus Rondani
1872:30 (Culex).
Type-loc: Italy (LU).
eruthrosops Theobald
1910c:299 (F*; Culicada).
Type-loc: Trincomalee, Ceylon (BM).
Knight and Hull 1953:463 (syn.).
euochrus Howard,
Dyar and Knab
1917:716 (F).
Type-loc: Popcum, British Columbia, Canada (USNM).
malariae Grassi
1898:168 (M; Culex).
Type-loc: Italy (LU).
minuta Theobald
1907:338 (F*; Culicada).
Type-loc: India (BM).
montcalmi Blanchard
1905:307 (nom. nov. for sylvestris Theobald, non silvestris
Ross 1898; Culex).
niger Theobald
1913b:164 (A; Culex nocturnus var.).
Type-loc: Canala, New Caledonia (B).
Reinert 1973e:66 (syn.).
parvus Macquart
1834:36 (Culex).
Type-loc: Bordeaux, [Gironde], France (NE).
sudanensis Theobald
1911c:154 (M*, F*; Culex).
Type-loc: Sudan (BM).
Edwards 1941:195 (syn.)
White 1975:309 (syn.; lectotype desig.).
sylvestris Theobald
1901a:406 (M*, F*; Culex).
Type-loc: Rondeau Provincial Park, Kent Co., and Lake Simcoe, Ontario; Stony Mt.,
Manitoba, Canada (BM).
Bionomics
Immatures are found in unshaded fresh water flood pools in secondary scrub, but
have also been collected in ditches, swamps, rice fields, and elephant foot prints.
Habitats usually have little aquatic vegetation or algae. Females are night biters
and readily feed on man and cattle (Reinert 1973).
Medical Importance
Vector of Dirofilaria immitis (Reinert 1973).
Additional References
Barraud 1934:253 (M*, F, L).
Natvig 1948:412 (M*,F,L*).
Penn 1949b:60 (P*).
Darsie 1951:13 (P*).
Carpenter and LaCasse 1955:263
(M*, F*, L*).
Muspratt 1955:169 (M*, F, L;
tax.).
Horsfall and Craig 1956:370
(E*)
Price 1960:560 (lst stage L*).
Hamon, Maffi, Grenier, Ouedraogo
and Djime 1966:373 (syn.).
Horsfall, Voorhees and Cupp
1970:1713 (E*).
Pao and Knight 1970b:115 (L*).
Belkin and Heinemann 1971:27
(n. distr.).
Aslamkhan 1971b:147 (distr.).
Zharov 1973:11 (geogr. variation).
Reinert 1973e:66 (M*,
F*, P*, L*; world distr.).
Bickley 1976:234 (distr.,
Alaska).
Utrio 1976:129,135 (L*). |
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Distribution
Afghanistan, Algeria, Australia, Austria,
Bangladesh, Belize, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, China, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Guatemala, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kiribati,
Laos, Libya, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated
States of Myanmar (Burma), Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Palau,
Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Samoa, Slovakia, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkey, United
Kingdom, USA, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro),
New Caledonia, Mariana Islands, Tuvalu, New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands),
New Zealand (Tokelau), France (Wallis Islands)
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